고구마와 감자, 이름이 바뀐 사연
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작성자 포빅에스백 쪽지보내기 메일보내기 자기소개 아이디로 검색 전체게시물 댓글 1건 조회 7,196회 작성일 18-07-13 09:37본문
페루가 원산지로 알려진 고구마는 포르투갈 사람들에 의해 필리핀을 거쳐 일본으로 전파되었다.
우리나라에는 1760년대 초 큰 흉년이 들어 백성들이 기아에 시달리고 있을 때 조엄이 일본에 조선통신사로 갔다가 대마도에서 가져왔다.
그의 일본기행문 ‘해사일기’에 보면 “대마도에 먹을 수 있는 뿌리가 있다.
감저(甘藷) 또는 효자마(孝子麻)라 하는데 왜음으로는 고귀위마(高貴爲麻)이다.
(중략) 이것들을 우리나라에 퍼뜨린다면 문익점이 목화를 퍼뜨린 것처럼 백성들에게 큰 도움이 될 것이다”라고 쓰여 있다.
그 뒤 우리나라에서는 감저(고구마)로 불렸는데, 월동 방법을 잘 몰라 얼어 죽었다.
실용학문에 눈 돌린 동래부사 강필리가 쓴 ‘감저보’와 학자 서유보가 쓴 ‘종저보’가 출간된 뒤 고구마 재배가 널리 퍼졌다.
감저(고구마)보다 늦게 청나라로부터 들어온 감자는 북쪽에서 왔다 하여 ‘북감저’라 불렸다.
고구마는 따뜻한 곳에서 자라는 작물이라 재배지역이 남쪽에 제한된 반면 감자는 한반도 전역에서 쉽게 자라 고구마보다 감자를 더 많이 먹게 되었고 식량 기능이 더 뛰어났다.
이로 인해 북감저는 북자를 떼어버리고 감자가 되었고, 고구마는 남감저로 불리다 이마저도 잃어버리고 고귀위마에서 유래된 고구마라 불렸다.
유럽에서도 비슷한 일이 있었다.
감자나 고구마가 다 같이 영어로 ‘potato’라 불리고 고구마가 좀 더 달다 하여 ‘sweet potato’라고 한다.
하지만 옛날에는 달랐다.
고구마가 ‘potato’였다.
그 뒤 비슷하게 생긴 감자가 전해졌고 고구마를 뜻하던 ‘potato’와 구분해 ‘white potato’라 불렀다.
이후 둘의 운명이 바뀌었다.
보관하기 어려운 고구마는 대량재배에 성공하지 못한 반면 감자는 유럽 전역으로 퍼져 주식이 되었다.
그러자 사람들은 감자를 ‘potato’라 부르기 시작했고, 고구마는 ‘sweet potato’가 되었다.
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